![]() |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Creative Commons licensesCreative Commons licenses are several copyright licenses initially released on December 16, 2002 by Creative Commons, a U.S. non-profit corporation founded in 2001. As of September, 2010, Creative Commons licenses have been "ported" to 53 different jurisdictions worldwide, with 8 others under development.[1]
[edit] Original licensesThe original set of licenses all grant the "baseline rights", such as the right to distribute the copyrighted work worldwide, without changes, at no charge.[2] The details of each of these licenses depends on the version, and comprises a selection of four conditions:
[edit] CombinationsMixing and matching these conditions produces sixteen possible combinations, of which eleven are valid Creative Commons licenses and five are not. Of the five invalid combinations, four include both the "nd" and "sa" clauses, which are mutually exclusive; and one includes none of the clauses. Of the eleven valid combinations, the five that lack the "by" clause have been retired because 98% of licensors requested Attribution, though they do remain available for reference on the website.[3][4][5] This leaves six regularly used licenses:
For example, the Creative Commons Attribution (BY) license allows one to share and remix (create derivative works), even for commercial use, so long as attribution is given.[6] [edit] AttributionSince 2004,[4], all current licenses require attribution of the original author. The attribution must be given to "the best of [one's] ability using the information available".[7] Generally this implies the following:
[edit] Applicable worksWork licensed under a Creative Commons License is governed by applicable copyright law.[8] This allows Creative Commons licenses to be applied to all work falling under copyright, including: books, plays, movies, music, articles, photographs, blogs, and websites. Creative Commons disrecommends use of Creative Commons licenses for software.[9] However, application of a Creative Commons license may not modify the rights allowed by fair use or fair dealing or exert restrictions which violate copyright exceptions. Furthermore, Creative Commons Licenses are non-exclusive and non-revocable. Any work or copies of the work obtained under a Creative Commons license may continue to be used under that license. In the case of works protected by multiple Creative Common Licenses, the user may choose either. [edit] Other licensesA number of additional licenses have been introduced, which are more specialized:
[edit] Retired licensesDue to either disuse or criticism, a number of previously offered Creative Commons licenses have since been retired[12], and are no longer recommended for new works. The retired licenses include all licenses lacking the Attribution element[3] other than CC0, as well as two licenses not allowing at least non-commercial verbatim distribution worldwide:
[edit] Public domain toolsBesides licenses, Creative Commons also offers an easy way to release material into the public domain through CC0[13], a legal tool for waiving as many rights as legally possible, worldwide.. Development of CC0 began in 2007[14] and the tool was released in 2009.[15][16] In 2010, Creative Commons announced its Public Domain Mark,[17] a tool for labeling works already in the public domain. Together, CC0 and the Public Domain Mark replace the Public Domain Dedication and Certification, [18] which took a U.S.-centric approach and co-mingled distinct operations. [edit] Partial list of projects that release contents under Creative Commons licenses
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
This article is based on one or more articles in Wikipedia, with modifications and
additional content by SOURCES editors. This article is covered by a Creative Commons
Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 License (CC-BY-SA) and the GNU Free Documentation License
(GFDL). The remainder of the content of this website, except where otherwise indicated,
is copyright SOURCES and may not be reproduced without written permission.
(For information use the
Contact form.)
SOURCES.COM is an online portal and directory for journalists, news media, researchers and anyone seeking experts, spokespersons, and reliable information resources. Use SOURCES.COM to find experts, media contacts, news releases, background information, scientists, officials, speakers, newsmakers, spokespeople, talk show guests, story ideas, research studies, databases, universities, associations and NGOs, businesses, government spokespeople. Indexing and search applications by Ulli Diemer and Chris DeFreitas. For information about being included in SOURCES as a expert or spokesperson see the FAQ or use the online membership form. Check here for information about becoming an affiliate. For partnerships, content and applications, and domain name opportunities contact us. |